主语：用来表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般用名词、代词或想的党羽名词的词、短语或句子来担当。
A 动词变成动名词如：Playing basketball is my favorite sport.
B The+形容词 表示一类人，也具有名词功能，也可以做主语 如：The rich should help the poor
C 陈述句做主语时，常用连接词that 引导，that不能省略
That we are scoring goals is good.
谓语：谓语由动词来充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
简单谓语：有一个动词或动词短语构成如： he reads newspapers every day.
复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成，表现英语语言的丰富性,其中疑问句和否定句的助动词也是谓语的一部分。
如
you may keep the book for two weekshe has caught a bad cold.my siser is crying over there.has he come back?he didnot attend the meeting yesterday.
宾语是动词的对象，作为宾语的一般为名词、代词或者相当于名词的词，短语或者从句。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。
【注意】有时候副词，介词短语也可以做宾语。如：
he left there just nowhe came out from under the bed.
【双宾语】
动词后面跟双宾语时，一般是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后
verb+sb.+sth.=verb+sth.+for sb. verb+sb.+sth.=verb.+sth.+of+sb.
【宾语补足语】
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成了复合宾语，可以做宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。
名词或名词性从句做宾补
they call the dog Tom.
all this has made china what she is today.
形容词或副词做宾补
he has found the book interesting
they pain the wall green.
介词短语做宾补
i found everything in good condition.
非谓语动词做宾补
the boss kept them working all day.
can I have this parcel weighted here?